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主谓一致指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系. 如: He _______ going abroad. They ________ playing football. 可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致. 一． 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 当主语后跟有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词根据前面的主语变化。例如： 如: Air as well as water_________ matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants _________late for the dinner. (was/were) All but one _________ here just now. 除了一个，刚才其他所有的（人）都在这里。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer ________ come.(has/have) 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) The poet and the writer ________come.(has/have) (指不同的人) A hammer and a saw ________ useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: To see _______ to believe. 眼见为实。 Serving the people ________my great happiness. When we’ll go out for an outing _________been decided. 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl ______ to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student _____ absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman ______ asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙. 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如: Each of us _______ something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数. 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:
Many a boy ________ playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student ________ late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one _________ to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们. 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us ____________perfect. 人无完人. None of this __________ me. (worry/worries) 这事一点不使我着急. 8. 表示双部分工具的名称,衣服名称等作主语时, 谓语用复数形式, 如: trousers, shoes, glasses, goods, clothes. 如果这些词由 pair, piece, kind + of 修饰,则用单数形式.例如： My trousers ________ white and his clothes _________ black. 我的裤子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。 A pair of shoes _________ lying here. 一双鞋放在那里。 These kinds of glasses________ popular. (kinds为复数时，谓语动词用复数) 这几种玻璃很流行。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics(经济学), politics,; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.例如： Physics________ very important. 物理是很重要的。 The New times _________ printed this article. (has/have) 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples________ left on the table. 注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two places ________ been visited. 参观了一两个地点. 二． 内容一致原则: 1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如: The rest of the bikes_________ on sale today. 剩下的自行车, 今天出售. 60%of the apple _______ eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了. Most of the apples________ rotten. (was/were) 大部分的苹果都是烂的. Most of the apple ________ eaten by a rat. (was/were) 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了. 2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如: A part of the textbooks ________ arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到. A part of the apple _______ been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了. 3. 加减乘除用单数.如: Fifteen minus five ______ ten . 15减去5等于10. 4. 表示距离, 时间, 长度,价值, 金额, 重量等的词做主语时,尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数；如果要表示具体的多少，强调复数的意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Two thousands dollars ________ a large sum. 两千美圆是一大笔钱。 Two hours_______ enough. 两个小时就足够了。 The fifty miles ________ covered by the winner in three hours. 获胜者三个小时就走完了这五十英里。 Ten miles ________ a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离. 5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle , youth等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数,谓语动词用复数形式。例如： The police ________ to help people.警察乐于助人。 The youth of our country_________ happier than the other people. 我们国家的年轻人比别的国家的更幸福。 (2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等. (3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等. 如把它们当作整体看,谓语动词用单数; 如把它们当作若干个体来看,用复数。例如： Our family __________ very happy. 我们的家庭很幸福。 My family _________ all football fans. 我的家人都是足球迷。 The committee____________ decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他. 6. the +形容词/分词形式”这个结构指一类人时谓语动词用复数, 指物时谓语动词用单数。例如： The rich _________ for the decision but the poor are against it. (同意...反对) 有钱人支持这个决定但是穷人反对它。 The green ________ hers. 这件绿色的东西是她的。 The injured__________ saved after the fire. 三．就近原则 1. 由here, there等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如: Here _________ the bus 公共汽车来了. Here _________ a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸 2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致. 如: Neither the students nor the teacher ________ anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事. He or you __________ taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔. 3. 关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应该与句中先行词的数一致。例如： I, who __________ only a common worker, will retire in two years. 只是个普通工人的我两年后就要退休了。 注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数.如: Mary is one of those people who _________ pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一. The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数. Mary is the only one of those people who ________ pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人. [触类旁通] 1. Those who ______ in ______ compositions, please hand them in this afternoon. A. hasn’t handed; his B. haven’t handed; their C. has handed D. have handed; his 2. Jane is one of the best students in her
