动词在英语中起着至关重要的作用，它类型多，变化灵活，所以给正确用好动词就带来了困难。要正确使用动词需要了解动词的基本用法和规律，经常归类总结并加强练习，从而逐步掌握动词的用法。下面结合近年的高考试题来讲一讲涉及动词的单项填空题的解题要领。 一、 看句意，找短语，选准动词。 句意的理解是正确解题的关键。动词、动词短语往往直接影响句意的理解，必须注意动词基本用法和搭配的积累。例如： (’06天津) Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t much help when it _______ shopping and eating. A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to 解析：句意是“我们大多数人都知道减肥，但当涉及到（或谈到）购物和吃的时候，知道这些并没有太大的帮助。” “when it comes to…”意为“涉及、谈到（=on the subject of ）”e.g. I can use a computer, but when it comes to repairing them, I know nothing. 另外,它还有“处理、处置（=when you are dealing with something）的意思”e.g. When it comes to relationships, everyone makes mistakes. 而refer to 和speak of 作“谈到，提及”讲时，其主语是人，C项意为“把重点放在……上”。D项正确。 真题训练 1.(’06山东) Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to _______ a good researcher. A. make B. turn C. get D. grow
2. (’05安徽) Kathy _______ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls. A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up 3 (’06湖北) One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to _______ healthy eating habits. A. grow B. develop C. increase D. raise 4. (’06浙江) We’re trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we _______ your number incorrectly. A. looked up B. took down C. worked out D. brought about 二、 抓时间，顾前后，用准时态。 动词时态的选择，一方面要熟练掌握各种时态的常见时间状语，另一方面要分析上下文，顾及前后句，在语言环境中寻找除时间以外的信息词或隐含信息，从而确定时态。例如： (’06浙江) My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next week. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 解析：此题考查动词时态，根据时间状语all his life判断，空格处应用完成时态，又根据主句的谓语动词is retiring来判断，空格处应用现在完成时态。 答案：D 真题训练 5.(’06天津) What we used to think ______ impossible now does seem possible. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 6.(’06陕西) —You look very tired. _______ at all last night? —No, not really. I’m tired out now. A. Do you sleep B. Were you sleeping C. Did you sleep D. Had you slept 7.(’06江西) My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _______ there for a few months and then went to America. A. worked B. would work C. would be working D. has been working 8.(’05重庆) —What’s wrong with your coat? —Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _______ on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting 三、明主谓，辨语态，特殊情况要注意。 对于考查被动语态的试题，必须分析动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。要避免受汉语影响，还要与相应的时态结合，主动形式表示被动意义、不定式的被动形式也是易考易错的。例如： (’06北京) –Your job ________ open for your return. —Thanks. A, will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept 解析：kept the job/position open “使工作、职位等处于空缺状态”此处用的是被动语态；由句意“随时欢迎你回来工作”可知要用将来时。答案：A 真题训练 9.(’06江苏) – I don’t suppose the public know who did it. —Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ________ now A. has been questioned B. is been questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned 10.(’05辽宁)Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open area, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 11.(’04上海) The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ________ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded 12.(’02北京春) –How are the team playing? —They are playing well, but one of them _______ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were 四、寻“真主”，定单复，主谓要一致。 对于主谓一致的试题，解题的关键是找准句子中谓语动词的真正主语，并根据主语的单、复数确定谓语动词的单复数。复习过程中要注意主谓一致的基本情况。例如： (’06辽宁) The father as well as his three children _______ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 解析：由时间状语every Sunday afternoon in winter可知句子应用一般现在时，句中的主语是the father而不是three children，故谓语动词应用单数形式。答案：C 真题训练 13.(’06全国ⅡⅠ) As you can see , the number of cars on our roads ________ rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping 14.(’04广东)All the employees except the manager ________ to work on line at home. A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged 15.(’04福建) She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _______ 50 million. A. have reached B. has reached C. are reached D. had reached 16.(’05山东) The country life he was used to ________ greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed 五、审结构，看成分，确定谓语和非谓语动词。 动词用法往往借句子结构出题，这样的试题需要把句子结构、句子成分和句意，甚至词组搭配结合起来考虑，从而选准谓语动词和非谓语动词。例如： (’06北京) There have been several new events ________ to the program for the
