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高中英语必修5知识点 词汇：Unit 1: 1. put forward: 提出（计划、建议等）；将…提前；把钟表拨快 e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。 【词语联想】 put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄 put down: 放下；写下，记下 put off: 推迟；延期 put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g. put on weight: 增加了体重；put on a new play: 上演新戏剧； put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷）；e.g. put up a poster: 张贴海报；put up a tent: 搭起帐篷 2. conclude: v. 作结论，断定；e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。conclusion: n. 结论 【习惯用语】★ draw a conclusion 作出结论 3. defeat vt.打败, 击败, 战胜； 使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效；e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。 ◆ 区别: defeat, conquer, overcome defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人。 conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,如:e.g. conquer nature 征服自然。 overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, 如:e.g. overcome difficulties 克服困难。 4. attend: v. 1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture...) 出席；参加 e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他决定亲自赴会。 2) to look after, care for, serve 照顾；看护。e.g. Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位医生护理你？ 3）to go with 伴随；e.g. The work was attended with much difficulty. 这项工作带来许多困难。 5. expose...to... e.g. Don't expose your skin to the sun for too long.不要使你的皮肤暴露在太阳光下太长时间。 They had to be exposed to the enemy's gunfire. 他们不得不冒着敌人的炮火。
6. blame sb. for sth. 因为某事责备某人；e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake. ★ be to blame: 应受责备，应负责任； Who is to blame for the mistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？ 7. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于 besides, what's more e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition. 我又付了 100 元。 In addition to English, he has to study a second language.除了英语以外，他还要学习第二外国语。 ◆ 区别: in addition to, except, besides,beside in addition to：除…之外，还有…，表示递进关系。e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。 except: 除…之外，表示在整体中排除，e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬. besides表示“除了……以外，还有……”，与in addition to 同义，e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。We all agreed besides him.我们都同意, 他也同意。 beside : 在…旁边。表示方位。e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边。 同义句转换：1）He speaks French as well as English. e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besides English. 2) Apart from the salary, it’s not a bad job. e.g. In addition to/Except the salary, it’s not a bad job. 8. announce: 公布；宣告 e.g. He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的决定。 9. absorb v. 1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水。 【习惯用语】 2）专心于 ★ be absorbed in sth: 专心的，全神贯注的 The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。
10. challenge n.挑战; 挑战书; 邀请比赛; 要求决斗 vt. 向...挑战, 要求, 怀疑 ; vi. 挑战, 对(证据等)表示异议 e.g. meet the serious challenge 面对严峻挑战
Unit 2: 1. consist of ＝ be made up of 由……组成 (没有进行时） e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. ＝Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.
2. 区别: Ø separate ... from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来） Ø divide...into 把…分开 （把整体分为若干部分） e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups. The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.
3. debate about sth. e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days. debate /argue/ quarrel
4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清；阐明;清楚；明了 e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation. Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接 【习惯用语】 ★ link A to B 将A和B连接起来
6. refer to 1)提及，指的是…… e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us? 2) 参考；查阅；询问 e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries. Please refer to the last page of the book for answers. 3) 关系到；关乎 e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you. This rule refers to everyone. reference: n. 参考 e.g. reference books 参考书
7. to one's surprise (prep) “to one's + 名词” 表 “令某人……” 常见的名词有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等 e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale. To John's great relief they reached the house at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully “find +宾语＋宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式）” e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. You'll find him easy to get along with. They found themselves trapped by the bush fire. When I woke up, I found myself in hospital. I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做……. e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. get + n. + to do get + n. + doing You'll get her to agree. I'll get the car going. get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被…….” e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.
10. break away (from sb / sth) 脱离；破除… e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits. The man broke away from his guards. break down (会谈)破裂，失败；(汽车等)出故障；(人的健康状况)变得恶劣；（情感）失控 e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning. His health broke down under the pressure of work. He broke down and wept when he heard the news. Talks between the two countries have completely broken down. Ø break in 闯入；打岔 Ø break off 中断，折断 Ø break into 闯入 Ø break out 爆发;发生 Ø break up 驱散；分散，拆散
11. as well as 不仅…而且；既…又… e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer. The children&
