二、简答题的评分原则及标准 一）简答题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上，用正确简洁的语言回答问题。在评分时同时考虑内容和语言。每题满分为2分，最低分为0分。 二）给分标准 2分 — 答出全部内容，语言正确； 1分 — 答出部分内容，语言正确； 0分 — 没有答对问题。 三）扣分标准 1. 语言错误扣0.5分，每题语言错误扣分不超过0.5分（标点符号和大小写错误忽略不计）； 2. 涉及无关内容者扣0.5分；若答案中有互相矛盾的内容，则内容互相矛盾的部分皆不得分； 3. 整句原封不动照搬，扣0.5分； 4. 考生所给答案超过10个单词扣0.5分。 如答案涵盖两个方面，而考生只答对其中一个方面时，答错的一方面则在扣除1分后不再以多余信息另外扣分，但其中如有语言错误则再扣0.5分 三、简答题示例（一） SHISHMAREF, an Eskimo village on an island off northwestern Alaska , is falling into the ocean. Giant storm waves have so hit the place—once well buffered by sea ice—that villagers voted in 2002 to leave their ancestral home for the mainland. They are being called one of the first refugees（难民）of global warming.
“We tend to describe climate change in terms that are abstract—a one degree rise in temperature, an increase in greenhouse gases—but when waves wash away a village, that’s concrete and very emotional,” says Igor Krupnik, an expert at the National Museum of Natural History. “When they lose a piece of their land, they aren’t just losing a certain number of square miles. They are losing part of their history and their memory. They are losing childhood events and grandparents’ tales.” Before temperatures began to rise in Shishmaref about 30 years ago, 20 to 30 miles of hard sea ice protected the village from powerful fall storms. But the natives say the ice doesn’t freeze as solidly or as soon as it used to and now stretches only six or seven miles, leaving the community of 600 people more exposed. Storms have swept houses into the ocean. The villagers’ plan is to move to Tin Creek, a site on the Alaska mainland 12 miles away, and they have received $180 million from the government. Residents hope that in their new community they’ll be able to maintain their close ties, continue hunting animals, and keep fishing, much as their ancestors have done for centuries. “People are asking why the government should be spending so much money on so few people,” said a government official. “But people in Alaska are like everyone else. We want to help keep their culture alive.” 73. Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “buffered”.
74. According to the villagers’ saying, what do we know about the sea ice around Shishmaref in the past? （回答词数不超过8个）
75. What is the villagers’ main purpose to rebuild their community?（回答词数不超过6个）
（二） One thing Britain is famous for is pubs, and no trip to the UK would be complete without a visit to one of the thousands of pubs across the country. Pubs play an important part in the social structure of the country. They are places where all ages and social classes mix to talk, do business, or just spend a couple of quiet hours before heading home in the evening. There are many different types of beer available in pubs. Traditional British beer is called bitter, or ale, and is usually served at room temperature. As a result, the British are famous for their ‘warm beer’! If you prefer a cold beer, ask for lager. This beer is a light yellow in colour whereas bitter is usually a darker brown. All beers are served as pints (500 ml) or halves (250ml). To order, you need to ask for a pint or half, and then name the beer. So, you could say “ .” Wine, red or white, is normally available in all pubs, as are spirits such as whisky, gin or vodka. It is not, however, necessary to drink alcohol. Non-alcoholic drinks are called soft drinks. You can have juice, lemonade or cola, among others. If you visit a pub in a group, it is important to pay for your ‘round’. This means that you buy a drink for everyone in your group. Not buying your round is a big social mistake! Remember that you need to order and pay for your drinks at the bar. So, follow these tips if you want to get the most out of visiting a pub, and, “cheers!” 73. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)
74. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? If you don’t buy a drink for everyone in your group, you are socially wrong.
75. Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.) _______________________________________________________________________
（三） Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is&n
