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lesson 3 Scientific Breakthroughs If you had to choose the single most important 1___________(discover) of the 20th century, you would have a real 2_________ on your hands. In just 100 years, the world changed completely. Amazing discoveries were made in medicine, communications and transport, not to 3____________ our knowledge of the world and space. Medical advances 4________ from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures 5____________(replace) 6__________(disease) organs with 7________ (donate) ones. Communications changed 8______ the introduction of mobile phones and the way we 9__________(通信) went 10________ writing letters to emailing. We started flying around the world and 11____________(同时), scientists figured 12________ how to 13______(劈开) the atom, 14________(过去) thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery, it is possible to 15_________ out a few pioneers of the 20th century. Here are five of them. One of the 20th century’s premier 16__________ (science) was Albert Einstein. In the summer of 1905, this 17__________(直言的) young man was 18_______(rock) his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly 19_________ (inspiration). “E=mc2” was born. E=mc2 showed how a small piece of 20_______(物质) could produce an 21_________ (believable) amount of energy. Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are 22__________(不变的) – they change according to our experience of them. Einstein had already become world-famous when a young ex-lawyer, returning from the First World War, started work in California. Using the most high-powered telescope of the time, he began the long, slow process of exploring our galaxy. Edwin Hubble 23_____ about to make astronomy’s greatest breakthrough of the century. He discovered small areas of mist which were in fact galaxies 24_______ our own, millions of light years away from us, 25__________ proved that the universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought. In 1929, another far-reaching finding was made by the son of a Scottish shepherd. Before he went 26_____ holiday,27 ________ (biology)Alexander Fleming left a dish with bacteria in it in his laborat
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