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1、keep doing, keep on doing这两个词组均用来表示“不断做”的意思,但在涵义上有所不同。
keep doing和keep on doing都可表示“不断(老是)做某事”的意思,强调动作连续不断,每隔一会儿发生,这时两者可以换用。不同的是keep doing中的doing是动名词,作宾语。例如:John always kept (on) asking questions.约翰总是问个不停。News of successes keeps (on) pouring in.捷报频传。
keep doing还可表示连续不断的动作或持续的状态。keep on doing则没有这种用法。例如:We kept working in the fields in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨,我们还是坚持在地里干活。Why do the dogs keep barking?这些狗为什么不停地叫?
2、keep sb. from doing sth., keep sth. from sb.
keep sb. from doing sth.相当于prevent (or: stop) sb. from doing sth., 意为阻止某人做某事。
keep sth. from sb.则表示“将某事瞒着某人”的意思。例如:What kept you from joining me? 什么事情使你不能和我在一起?We must keep them from getting to know our plans.我们必须防止他们知道我们的计划。It seems that she keeps something from us.她好像有什么事瞒着我们似的。Why did you keep the truth from me? 你为什么向我隐瞒真相?
3、kind, sort, type这一组词都表示“种类”,常可互换使用。
kind系普通用语,其含义较模糊,它所指的种类可用任何标准区分,但着重以事物的自然属性和内在性质为标准来区分。kind常和type换用,但在表示动植物的种类,族及牌类游戏时,不能用type代替。如:There are different kinds of animals in Shanghai Wild Animal Park. 在上海野生动物园有许多不同的动物。Computers can actually do many kinds of work. 事实上,电脑能做许多不同的工作。
sort也为普通用语,比kind更口语化,其概念同kind一样很不严密,两者常可互换,但sort常掺杂说话人的主观色彩,带有轻蔑与贬低的含义。如:We talked of all sorts of subjects.我们谈了各种话题。These sorts of people are ready to eat anywhere.这种人总是走到哪里吃到哪里。
4、know, recognize
know为“认识,熟悉,知道”,表示认识或熟悉某人,某事,某地。它可作及物或不及物动词,后接名词,代词及从句作宾语,另可接含形容词及不定式的复合结构。如:Who knows, perhaps he doesn't care about me at all.谁知道呢,也许他根本不在乎我。Have you known Oliver long? I knew him as long ago as the year 1984. 你很久以前就认识奥利福了吗?我在一九八四年的时候就认识他了。I didn't know you were coming today.我不知道你会来。I've never known you so cheerful.我从来不知道你这么开朗。I know her to be a fool.我知道她是个傻瓜。
recognize为“认出,认清,承认”,表示能认出原来认识或曾经见过的人,物及地方,以及承认某事物的客观存在。它只作及物动词,后接名词,代词及从句作宾语。如:You have grown so tall that I scarcely recognize you.你长成这么高,我几乎认不出你来了。Did you recognize your uncle at once? 你是不是一下子就认出你的叔叔来了?Presently I recognized that we were in the Atlantic Avenue. 现在我知道我们在亚特兰大大街。
5、keep up, keep up with
keep up既可是动副型短语动词,也可是动介型短语动词,主要表示“(斗志,价格等)不低落”,“维持,继续”等意。可以用于被动语态。例如:Their spirit kept up well in spite of hardships.虽有困难,但他们并不气馁。Prices still keep up.物价仍旧上涨。I hope
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