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P 1、part of, a part of
这两个词组后可接单,复数名词或不可数名词,名词前要有the, these, your等限定词;亦可跟代词宾格。它们都表示“部分”的意思,但在词意范围上有所不同。
part of意为其中“一部分”,可能是整体的一半,一半以上或一半以下。例如:He is a philatelist; part of his collection is rare sets of postage stamps of the Qing Dynasty.他是一位集邮家。他藏品的一部分是罕见的套头的大清国邮票。The Chinese revolution is part of the world's proletarian revolution. 中国革命是世界无产阶级革命的一部分。
a part of意为其中的“一小部分”,仅指整体的一半以下,这时可用part of代替。例如:(A) Part of the textbooks have arrived.(一小)部分教科书已经到了。I read only (a) part of the story.这篇小说我仅仅看了(一小)部分。
2、permit, allow
这两个词都是“许可,允许”之意,用法正式;而且都表示有能力或权威去阻止的含义。
permit意为“准许,允许”,比前者更为正式,严肃,指有权允许的一方积极、明确地从正面允许或持肯定态度。例如:We do permit our employees to gather in the hobby and sing carols on Christmas Eve. 我们确实准许雇员们于圣诞前夜在大厅里集合唱圣诞颂歌。You are indeed not sensible enough to allow your teenage son to stay out until midnight and even permit him to use the family car. 听任你十几岁的儿子在外逗留直至午夜甚至还准许他使用家里的汽车,你这样做实在是太不明智了。The distance between the two cities was in those days too great to permit of frequent contact.这两个城市的距离太远,在那时不可能有频繁的接触。In the wall of the cabin there is a hole to permit light to enter. 小屋的墙壁上有一个小洞,光线可以射进来。
allow意为“许可,准许”,其实表达的意思是并不反对,不加阻止或客观条件的可行性,偏重“听任”,意义较消极。可用于复合结构,即allow sb./sth. to do sth.。常用词组:allow for考虑到具体情况;allow of (no delay/ no dispute)许可,承认(刻不容缓,没有争论余地)。例如:His weakened condition would not allow of his being questioned by the police.他身体虚弱,受不了警方的质询。The nurse allowed the visitors to remain beyond the hospital visiting hours, though it was not permitted.尽管医院并不允许,但这位护士还是默许探视者们过了探视时间依然留在医院。I want to get a good business or profession which allows me to get away when I want to.我想找一份我想离开时就能允许我离开的行当或职业。Being the principal of a high school, Jane's position allowed of no unseemly behavior in public.作为一座高等学府的校长,简的职位不允许她在公共场合有任何不得体的举止。
3、personal, private, individual
这一组词都可译作“个人的”。 personal意为“个人的,私人的,亲自的”,着重强调属于或涉及本人,而非他人所能代表或代替的事物。例如: According to etiquette in western countries, it's good manners to avoid making personal remarks.按照西方礼仪,避免发表涉及个人的评论是礼貌的。I have something personal to discuss with you because it's related to either my own or your intimate interests.我有点私事和你商量,因为它有关你我的切身利益。What i
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