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2007高考写作分为两部分,即基础写作(15分)和读写任务(25分)。两部分分值共40分,在整卷中占有较大比例。其写作要求、写作思路和技巧与以往均有很大的不同。尤其是读写任务部分,难度较大。它要求考生先阅读一篇200字左右的文章,然后按照给定任务完成150字左右的作文。下面以高考考试科说明上的样题作为例子,全面解析该题型的写作步骤、方法及技巧。
阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 (1) Let children learn to judge their own work. (2) A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. (3) He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others’ language. (4) Bit by bit, he makes the right changes to make his language like other people’s. (5) In the same way, children learn to do all the other things. (6)They learn to talk, run, climb, ride a bicycle by comparing their own behaviors with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. (7) But in school teachers never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, even fewer chances for him to correct himself. (8)They do it all for him. (9) Teachers act as if the student would never notice a mistake if they did not point out it to him. (10) They act as if the student would never correct it unless he was made to. (11)Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. (12) Let the student do it himself. (13) Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word means and what the answer is to that problem.(文中序号为作者本人所加,以便后文引用。下同。) [写作内容] 1)概括短文的内容要点,该部分的字数大约30词左右; 2)就“学生的学习错误该不该改正”这个主题发表你的看法,至少包含以下的内容要点,该部分的字数大约120词左右; a)以英语学习为例,简述你学习过程经常出现的语言错误; b)你是如何看待自己的语言错误; c)你的老师如何对待你的语言错误; d)你对老师的做法持什么看法?为什么? [写作要求] 你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。 [评分标准] 概括的准确性、语言的规范性、内容的合适性以及篇章的连贯性。
可以看出,“读写任务”有如下的特点:1. 在写作内容的要求上,要求对所给的英文语言材料进行加工,即客观、准确而又全面地转述所给材料的观点,并在此基础上对材料观点做出判断,即表明肯定、否定或者折衷的立场。2. 在写作内容的量化上,要求比较宽泛,表现为整篇文章要求控制在“150词左右”,其中,概括所给短文和发表考生个人看法的部分的词数要求分别控制在30和120左右; “至少包含以下的内容要点”的字眼表明考生可以适当增加相关内容。3. 在综合语言运用能力的要求上,侧重考查考生转述他人观点、提出自我观点、论证所提观点的思维能力,考查考生概括能力、思辨能力和较高的语篇布局能力。 因此,“读写任务”可以视为“指导性写作”,它侧重于完成隐性的、内在的任务,而非形式上的量的要求。比如,“概括短文的内容要点”并没有指出应包括哪些要点,而旨在考查考生对所给阅读材料中的信息进行理解并加以概括的能力。又如,“发表你的看法,至少包含以下的内容要点”并没有指明考生要提出自己的观点、论证其
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